Important Questions

1. What is a data type in Python?

• A type tells Python what kind of value is stored.
• It controls which operations are valid.

2. Why are lists and tuples different?

• Lists are changeable.
• Tuples are fixed.

3. What is a higher-order function?

• A function that takes or returns another function.

4. What does lambda do?

• It creates a small anonymous function.

5. Why are comprehensions useful?

• They create new collections clearly and compactly.

6. What is lazy evaluation in Python?

• Python usually is not fully lazy, but generators delay work until values are needed.

7. What is a closure?

• A function that remembers values from the environment where it was created.

8. What is type discipline?

• The rules a language uses to handle types and catch mistakes.

9. Why use type hints?

• They improve readability and help tools detect errors.

10. What is type inference?

• A tool or compiler works out a type from the code.

11. Why use a dataclass?

• It is a simple way to make a data-holding class with less boilerplate.

12. What is a concrete type?

• A fully known, specific type such as int or Student.

13. Why do we use recursion?

• It is a natural way to solve problems with smaller versions of the same shape.

14. What is polymorphism in Python?

• One function or method works with many types.

15. How do protocols help?

• They describe shared behavior so different types can be used in the same code.