MCQ

1. Which value is a bool?

A. 42 B. "42" C. True D. [True]

2. Which collection keeps items unique?

A. list B. tuple C. set D. str

3. What does map do?

A. Sorts items B. Applies a function to each item C. Removes duplicates D. Creates a dictionary

4. Which keyword creates a small anonymous function?

A. def B. lambda C. class D. yield

5. What does indentation define in Python?

A. Variable names B. Blocks of code C. Types D. Imports

6. What does yield usually create?

A. A generator B. A class C. A tuple D. A dictionary

7. What is a closure?

A. A loop B. A function that remembers outer values C. A type hint D. A list comprehension

8. What is Python by default?

A. Statically typed B. Dynamically typed C. Strongly compiled only D. Untyped

9. What does @dataclass help with?

A. Networking B. Simple data classes C. Lazy loading only D. File I/O

10. Which is a concrete type?

A. T B. Any C. int D. TypeVar

11. What is the base case in recursion?

A. The repeated step B. The stop condition C. The import line D. The type hint

12. What does operational semantics describe?

A. How code is styled B. How code runs step by step C. How packages install D. How variables are named

Answers

1-C, 2-C, 3-B, 4-B, 5-B, 6-A, 7-B, 8-B, 9-B, 10-C, 11-B, 12-B

Extended practice: Questions 13–70

Choose one answer. Trace code on paper before checking the key.

No.	Question	A	B	C	D
13	Which built-in type is immutable?	list	dict	set	tuple
14	What is len({1, 1, 2})?	1	2	3	Error
15	Which expression creates an empty set?	{}	set()	[]	()
16	A dictionary primarily stores:	Unique values only	Key–value pairs	Ordered numbers only	Functions only
17	What does xs[-1] select?	First item	Last item	All except last	Error always
18	Which operation mutates list xs?	xs + [4]	tuple(xs)	xs.append(4)	xs[0]
19	A higher-order function must:	Use a loop	Take or return a function	Be recursive	Return a list
20	filter(f, xs) retains items for which f returns:	A number	A string	Truthy	None
21	list(map(lambda x: x*2, [1,2])) equals:	[1,2]	[2,4]	[2,2]	A function
22	Which function combines a sequence into one accumulated result?	filter	map	reduce	range
23	A pure function normally:	Changes global state	Has no observable side effects	Reads user input	Mutates its argument
24	In if/elif/else, how many branches execute in one pass?	All true branches	At most one	Exactly two	None always
25	When the number of repetitions is known, which is usually clearest?	for	Infinite while	Recursion only	match only
26	What stops a while loop?	Its condition becomes false	It reaches ten iterations	Indentation ends	A list is created
27	A list comprehension produces:	A generator always	A list	A set always	A class
28	break does what?	Skips one iteration	Exits the nearest loop	Restarts the loop	Exits Python
29	continue does what?	Ends the function	Exits the loop	Skips to the next iteration	Pauses execution
30	A generator is lazy because it:	Computes every value immediately	Produces values on demand	Cannot be iterated	Stores only strings
31	Calling a generator function returns:	The final yielded value	A generator object	A list	None always
32	In a generator, yield normally:	Ends the process	Suspends state and emits a value	Deletes local variables	Imports a module
33	Compared with a list of one million items, a generator usually uses:	More memory	Less memory	Exactly equal memory	No CPU
34	A Python lambda may contain:	Multiple statements	One expression	A class definition	A while statement
35	In (lambda x: x + 1)(4), 4 is:	An abstraction	An argument in an application	A return type	A free function
36	Lambda abstraction means:	Naming a file	Defining a function of a variable	Calling a function	Deleting a binding
37	A first-class function can be:	Passed as an argument	Used only after class	Stored only globally	Returned but not stored
38	A closure captures variables from its:	Database	Enclosing lexical scope	Import cache	Type checker only
39	A function factory usually returns:	A newly configured function	A loop	A module	A syntax error
40	If f = g, then f refers to:	The result of calling g	The function object g	A string g	Nothing
41	Dynamic typing associates types primarily with:	Variable names forever	Runtime values	Source files	Indentation levels
42	Python is strongly typed because it generally:	Silently combines incompatible types	Rejects invalid cross-type operations	Requires declarations	Compiles no code
43	Type hints are normally:	Enforced by the interpreter at every assignment	Metadata for tools and readers	A replacement for tests	Required syntax
44	isinstance(x, int) checks:	A static hint	Runtime type membership	Variable scope	Mutability
45	Type inference means a tool:	Guesses randomly	Deduces a type from context	Converts every value	Removes annotations
46	Any tells a static checker to:	Reject all operations	Permit essentially any type operation	Require an integer	Infer None
47	TypeVar('T') is useful for expressing:	A fixed integer	A relationship among generic types	Runtime casting	File types only
48	If a function returns the same type it receives, the best generic signature uses:	Unrelated Any values	The same TypeVar for input and output	Only object	No return type
49	A user-defined type is commonly created with:	class	yield	import	break
50	@dataclass commonly generates:	Network handlers	Methods such as __init__ and __repr__	A database	A generator
51	An Enum is best for:	Arbitrary changing strings	A fixed set of named choices	Mutable sequences	Anonymous functions
52	An instance is:	A class definition	A concrete object created from a class	A module	A protocol only
53	Which is a concrete type?	list[int]	list[T] with unresolved T	TypeVar('T')	Any as a relationship
54	“Concrete” most directly means:	Abstract behavior only	Fully specified type	Dynamically allocated	Immutable
55	Every correct recursive function needs:	A class	A reachable base case	A global variable	A generator
56	Recursive calls are tracked using the:	Heap only	Call stack	Import path	Type table
57	Tail recursion in standard Python:	Is always optimized away	Is not generally tail-call optimized	Cannot terminate	Requires yield
58	Structural recursion reduces a problem according to:	Its data structure	Clock time	File size only	Type hints only
59	factorial(0) is normally:	0	1	Undefined	−1
60	Operational semantics describes:	Valid spelling only	How program states change during execution	Naming conventions	Documentation style
61	Syntax answers:	“What does it do?”	“Is it grammatically well formed?”	“How fast is it?”	“Who wrote it?”
62	A small-step semantics models execution as:	One final leap only	A sequence of individual transitions	A type declaration	A UML diagram
63	A stack frame commonly stores:	Local variables and return information	All disk files	Source-control history	Only global constants
64	Duck typing focuses on an object's:	Declared ancestry only	Supported behavior	Memory address	File name
65	A Protocol describes:	Required operations/structure	A concrete constructor only	A loop invariant	A network only
66	An abstract base class may:	Define required abstract methods	Be only a string	Disable inheritance	Replace every protocol
67	Polymorphism lets:	One interface work with multiple types	One variable have no value	Every class use identical data	Code avoid functions
68	Parametric polymorphism is represented by:	Generics/type parameters	Only inheritance	Global variables	Exception handling
69	Subtype polymorphism commonly relies on:	Compatible derived objects	List slicing	Lazy iteration	Arithmetic precedence
70	The safest way to answer a code-tracing MCQ is to:	Guess from keywords	Track values and control flow step by step	Choose the longest option	Ignore types

Extended answer key

13-D, 14-B, 15-B, 16-B, 17-B, 18-C, 19-B, 20-C, 21-B, 22-C, 23-B, 24-B, 25-A, 26-A, 27-B, 28-B, 29-C, 30-B, 31-B, 32-B, 33-B, 34-B, 35-B, 36-B, 37-A, 38-B, 39-A, 40-B, 41-B, 42-B, 43-B, 44-B, 45-B, 46-B, 47-B, 48-B, 49-A, 50-B, 51-B, 52-B, 53-A, 54-B, 55-B, 56-B, 57-B, 58-A, 59-B, 60-B, 61-B, 62-B, 63-A, 64-B, 65-A, 66-A, 67-A, 68-A, 69-A, 70-B.